Core Elements

1. The RPOA notes and affirms that the shared fish stocks are a very important source of food for people in the region, utilised by countries in the region and also traded both in and outside the region. Both overfishing and illegal fishing are seriously depleting the region’s fish stocks. In this regard, the promotion of responsible fishing practices, and prevention, deterrence and elimination of illegal fishing are essential to ensure food security and poverty alleviation in the region and countries in the region should:
1.1 work together on compiling an overview of artisanal and industrial

2. International instruments contain structures and measures upon which to build long term sustainable fisheries. The key global instruments that countries should consider when implementing responsible fishing practices include the 1982 ‘United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea’ (UNCLOS), the ‘United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement’ (UNFSA), the FAO ‘Compliance Agreement’, the FAO ‘Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries’, the ‘International Plan of Action (IPOA) to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing’, the ‘IPOA for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries’, the ‘IPOA for the Conservation and Management of Sharks’ and the ‘IPOA for the Management of Fishing Capacity’. Relevant regional instruments include the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Convention (WCPFC) and the Agreement Establishing the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). To support these measures, Countries in the region are encouraged to:
2.1 work toward ratification, accession, and/or acceptance and full implementation, of UNCLOS and UNFSA;
2.2 work towards ratification and/or acceptance of regional fisheries management instruments, where appropriate; and
2.3work toward acceptance and full implementation

3. Implementing responsible fishing practices and combating IUU fishing are issues for the whole region. Articles 63, 64 and 116-119 of the UNCLOS requires countries to cooperate in the conservation and management of shared stocks and highly migratory species. The management expertise and technical capacity built up over the years by regional organisations should be harnessed to assist with the problems of the region.
Countries should work closely and collaboratively with regional organisations to develop conservation and management measures for fish stocks to promote optimum utilisation.

4. Countries acknowledge the important roles of regional organisations in strengthening fisheries management and conservation in the region including the FAO/APFIC, WCPFC, IOTC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), ASEAN, INFOFISH, the South East Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), and WorldFish Center. The measures promoted by these organisations which may be applicable to this RPOA should be supported by all participating countries where relevant.

4.1 Countries should encourage relevant regional organisations to provide assistance in technical support and development of guidelines for conservation and fisheries management, capacity building, sharing data and information on fisheries and trade, and strengthening networking for the purpose of enhancing participation and ensuring implementation

5. The collection, management and availability of accurate and timely information are essential in managing fishery resources and combating illegal fishing. Accurate data on the number of fishing vessels and fishing activity is required to provide for responsible fishing, hence the importance of maintaining comprehensive and up-to-date vessel registers and catch and effort information by all States, both coastal and flag. To help address this concern, countries in the region should:
5.1 work together to improve their data collection systems and to share information about vessels, fishing effort, catch levels, fish landings and sales of fish and fish products, as appropriate, and;
5.2 work to develop a regional approach to identify, compile and exchange information on any vessel used or intended for use for the purpose of fishing including support ships, carrier vessels and any other vessels directly involved in such fishing operations in the region on straddling and migratory stocks and across national jurisdictions.

6. Control of fishing capacity and fishing effort are fundamental elements of fisheries management. When the capacity of fishing fleets to harvest a resource exceeds the sustainable level, it results in unsustainable fishing activity and has the potential to ‘spill-over’ into illegal fishing activity. This RPOA acknowledges that countries should manage the fishing capacity of their fleets by:
6.1 assessing the status of their fishery resources and fishing fleet capacity;
6.2 introducing management measures to help prevent fishing capacity from exceeding levels that result in harvest rates that impede the ability of fish stocks to reproduce sustainably over the longer term;
6.3 undertaking planning to reduce over-capacity without shifting that capacity to other fisheries whose resources may be already fished at the maximum sustainable rate or above that rate, taking into consideration potential socio-economic impacts;
6.4 cooperating to assess, conserve and manage fishery resources where they straddle national boundaries or occur both within EEZs and in an area beyond and adjacent to the EEZ;
6.5 undertaking to develop and implement national plans of action to accelerate their efforts to reduce over capacity and eliminate illegal fishing activity where these issues are known to occur;
6.6 working on the collection, management and sharing of information on fisheries management, and the management of fishing capacity; and
6.7 respecting traditional, artisanal and small-scale fisheries and

7. Coastal States through their flag State responsibilities in the region are at the forefront in implementing sustainable fishing practices and combating illegal fishing. To address this need:
7.1 all coastal States, relevant flag States and fishing entities operating in the region should actively cooperate in ensuring that fishing vessels entitled to fly their flags do not undermine the effectiveness of conservation and management

8. Port States play a key role in combating illegal and unreported fishing in the region, given the need to land catch and support fishing activities. In this regard, regional countries and fishing entities need to develop measures to regulate fishing vessels accessing their ports for transhipping and/or landing catch and collect and exchange relevant data. To address this need, countries should consider:
8.1 adopting port State measures, where appropriate, based on the FAO ‘Model Scheme on Port State Measures to Combat IUU Fishing.

9. In order to minimise unreported and illegal catches, countries should collaborate to implement regional market measures to identify and to track fish catches at all points in the marketing chain in a consistent way with existing international trade laws.
9.1 As a priority, countries in the region should standardise catch and landing documentation throughout the region and implement catch documentation or trade certification schemes for high value product.
9.2 In addition, countries should work with organisations such as INFOFISH to produce regular and timely market reports allowing trade flows to be analysed.
9.3 Countries should check trade discrepancies regarding export of fish and fish product and take appropriate action and, as a minimum, report these discrepancies to the flag State.

10. Capacity building in all aspects of fisheries management must be encouraged. Countries are aware that a fully effective system requires technically competent implementation and operation. Technical and administrative staff require access to both formal and on-the-job training to build the requisite experience and competence in matters such as fisheries resource assessments, introduction of monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) measures and development of fish product tracking systems. To build these capacities, countries should:
10.1 continue developing the appropriate core competencies for fisheries research, management and compliance, including MCS systems;
10.2 either individually or jointly, seek technical and financial assistance from relevant international development agencies and donors as well as other countries in the region; and
10.3 ensure that flag States from outside the region that operate in the region be urged to cooperate with, and assist technically and financially, those countries in the region in whose waters they conduct fishing operations.

11. An MCS system, at both a national and regional level, supports and underpins a robust fisheries management regime. A strong enforcement network can share data and information on enforcement strategies and provide advice and capacity building. To better coordinate efforts against illegal activity, countries should develop suitable and relevant inter-agency arrangements to develop their networks to quickly share information such as locations, names of vessels, ports used (home and/or unloading port) and species targeted, and other information as appropriate. To develop these capacities, countries should:
11.1 enter into appropriate sub-regional MCS arrangements to promote the elimination of IUU fishing within the region;
11.2 develop a regional MCS network to promote the sharing of information and to coordinate regional activities to support the promotion of responsible fishing practices. Where possible, also participate in the work of the International MCS Network.
11.3 promote knowledge and understanding within their fishing industries about MCS activities to enhance sustainable fisheries management and to help combat IUU fishing; and
11.4 develop, as appropriate, observer programs including the requirement for industry to adhere to inspection regimes and carry observers on board when required.

12. Transhipment outside the territorial sea should be regulated to prevent illegal fishers from using it to launder their catches. Stronger monitoring, control and surveillance of both fishing and carrier vessels is a priority. To implement this, countries should:
12.1 monitor and control the transhipment of fisheries resources; and
12.2 establish control measures such as vessel registers, mandatory notification of the intention to tranship and the application of vessel monitoring systems.

13. Countries agree to support the ongoing development of the cooperative arrangements embodied in this RPOA. The effective implementation of the RPOA will be reviewed as determined by a Coordination Committee to be comprised of officials from each participating country and communicated to the FAO’s Committee on Fisheries and other regional bodies as appropriate.